"Who would use these dice, the house or a gambler trying to change the odds in his favor.....until he got caught?"

Both gamblers and the house would use them.

The old distributors would sell you any type of dice you wanted. TR King had to stop selling dice in NV because of funny dice going to both casinos and gamblers. Mason, Hunt, HCE, etc all made them.

I did an IOTD on a guy that got caught in Monte Carlo using TRK funny dice. Exact copies. He still had the TRK reciept for the dice in his pocket when he was arrested. Story was in Life magazine I posted with the story.

I was told by someone that "knew" that Paulson purged their dice records once a year back in the 60's.