South Africa- Gauteng Province casinos and chips

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South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
The Union of South Africa was established in 1910 by combining four British colonies: the Cape Colony, the Natal Colony, the Transvaal Colony and the Orange River Colony (the latter two were, before the Second Boer War, independent republics known as the South African Republic and the Orange Free State). These colonies became the four original provinces of the Union: Cape Province, Transvaal Province, Natal Province and Orange Free State Province.

Johannesburg twenties
Restricted areas were created areas totalling about 13% of the country. From the late 1950s, these areas were gradually consolidated into "homelands", also called "bantustans". Four of these homelands were established as quasi-independent nation states of the black population during the apartheid era. In 1976, the homeland of Transkei was the first to accept independence from South Africa, and although this independence was never acknowledged by any other country, three other homelands – Bophuthatswana (1977), Venda (1979) and Ciskei (1981) – followed suit.

The prohibition of gambling within South Africa borders was finalised with the South African Gambling Act 1965, which outlawed all forms of gambling, excluding the placement of bets in horse racing. Gambling was declared a morally repugnant vice by the South African apartheid movement.
The law published was of extreme severity in the prohibition of gambling, leading to its application to penalties until imprisonment, for those who did not comply.

The bantustans were ethinacly- defined territories specifically designated for South Africa´s black populations under apartheid. Then bantustans or homelands as they where also known, were established throught the interior of South Africa.African people were separeted into these areas according their languages and culture.Theoritically the Bantustans were independent countries, never recognized as it by the United Nations and the generalitty of all countries, which allowed them to have rules and laws of their own, and not to be subject to South African laws legislation, in particular as regards the prohibition of gambling.
The Bantustan were Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei, Transkei. Kwazulu, KwaNdebele, KaNgwanr, Qwa Qwa, Lebowa and Gazankulu.
Four of the South African Bantustans—Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei (the so-called "TBVC States")—were declared independent, but this was not recognized outside South Africa.
Bophutatswana, mainly home to Tswana speaking people was granted nominal sef-rule in 1972, before gaining nominal independence in 1977. Bophutatswana was one of the more successful bantustans dependent on the mining of platinum.

Lucas Mangope, President of Bpphtatwana and Southern Sun hotel group founder, Sol Kelzner, established a mutually benefitial relantionship to create casinos within the borders of the bantustan. Despite SAR prohibition, casinos began to operate in South Africa’s apartheid-era bantustans towards to the late 1970s and started operating in the Bantustans of Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei and Venda. Sun International established Sun City in Bophuthatswana in 1979, the Wild Coast Sun in the Transkei and the Fish River Sun in the Ciskei in 1989. Carousel at Bophuthatswana was opened on 1991.
Sun City was shared 50% /50% by Bophuthatswana Government and Sun International. Sun City had become a meca where white South Africans could take advantage of facilities that were banned in South Africa. Bophuthatswana became a tourist haven.The casino at the Sun City was one of the largest in the world when it opened its doors in 1979

The South Africans, prevented from doing so in their country, were going to play in the Bantustans and in the small neighboring countries.-Swaziland and Lesotho
THE NEW ERA
On the eve of the 1994 general election, South Africa's former homelands, also known as Bantustans, were reintegrated and the four existing provinces were divided into nine.
The formal casino industry in South Africa evolved in the mid-1990s . In 1994, a total of nine (9) casinos existed and were all located in the previous TBVC (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei) states. Most of these were built in the 1980s, the first being Sun City which opened in December 1979. The changes in power, both in bantustans and South Africa, left a gap in the regulations surrounding gambling. The bantustans were set to be reincorporated into the body of South Africa. Gambling was legal in those areas, but not in South Africa.
The gambling was regulated in South Africa (Africa (The Bantustans were abolished with the end of apartheid and re-joined South Africa proper in 1994) after the end of apartheid A temporary act was drawn up which loosely regulated gambling in 1993. This was repealed and replaced by the Gambling Act in 1996, which made provision for the issuing of casino licences. ( A TOTAL OF 20 licenses distributed by the 9 provinces)

Gauteng is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana means "place of gold." Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa, accounting for only 1.5% of the land area.[ Nevertheless, it is highly urbanised, containing the country's largest city, Johannesburg, its administrative capital, Pretoria, As of 2019, Gauteng was the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people.

Johannesburg eighties

(Source CASA repport- South Africa Casinos Association)

It is on Gauteng casinos that we are going to focus today.
Gauteng is the most important province in terms of the number of casinos and bigger revenue.

In 2019, it maintained the 7 licenses assigned to it, with 7 casinos operating
TSOGO SUN 3 casinos (MONTE CASINO. GOLD REEF and SILVER STAR)
SUN INTERNATIONAL 2 casinos ( TIME SQUARE and CARNIVAL CITY)
PEERMONT 1 casino ( EMPERORS PALACE)
CESAR 1 casino ( EMERALD)

(Sources CASA anual report 2018 and South Africa Gaming Board annual report 2018)