This pair of dice is guaranteed to be loaded. To determine this I used a die vice to lightly hold a each die by two of the corners. This provided a stable and almost frictionless pivot for the dice. With a light flick of the fingers, each die spun easily, but, when each came to a rest it rocked back and forth a little and ALWAYS stopped with the same side up. This is the same way casinos have always checked for loaded dice. Additionally, white dice were often used in loaded dice to make them opague so it would be hard to detect a loaded pair.

After a little digging I came up with some photos from the archive of the Chicago Daily News which pictured harness racing at the West Side Club in Chicago in 1905. It's not much of a stretch to attribute these to the same West Side Club as they were found originally in the Chicago area. This adds a level of confidence to the attribution.

It's hard to determine whether these were used by a dice mechanic to gain and edge, or used by the house to fleece the customers more quickly. In either case it's a nice piece of history, especially for the illegal collector. Loaded dice don't always come up the same way when used in a craps game as that would be to obviously detected. They're percentage dice, with some combinations coming up more, or less, often than with regular dice. They are either "Winner" dice or "Loser" dice. I haven't rolled these the thousands of times necessary to make a statistical table to determine the odds for these dice. With a house percentage of only 1.4% on the Pass or Don't Pass lines, it doesn't take a big change in the percentage table of the dice to make a big difference in total outcome using loaded dice.

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