"Fraud is the misrepresentation of a material fact"

Not completely true under the law.

These, plus many many more indictments come within fraud. Im sure Aaron could list dozens.
This is the starting point.

Obtaining money by deception
Attempting to obtain money by deception
Counterfeiting any tangible

Counterfeiting a tangible is an offence. Regardless of whether one seeks to make financial gain or not. If one seeks to make gain (whether successful OR NOT) it becomes a serious offence. If the person being deceived holds the 'defendant' in a position of trust then it becomes a very serious offence.

We are of course dealing with 'alterations' in this scenarion rather than counterfeiting. However, if any alteration leads the tangible to purport to be something that it is not, then it is counterfeiting under the law.