After reading the examples of 'repair', a thought came to mind concerning currency. If a note is torn, a piece of tape across it is no big deal. If the ($1) note 'happened' to become bleached and reprinted on one of these cool photo-quality printers everyone seems to have now with say a larger denomination of $100 as a hoot then sold to a friend for say $20 to cover costs of new print cartridges, fully disclosed as ti what it really is mind you. Later, the friend short of cash and the novelty worn off the cool note passes it to the bank. Is it just innocent fun? Each case you mentioned I had to think about "intent" .. taping a tear is one thing (as gluing a chip back together)... Reprinting a note or remolding a chip sounds like "intent" has changed a bit . Intent is a hard thing to prove sometimes ... (I realize currency and chips are two different animals and governed differently)