Hi Gene ----- can't tell you how many times in the 27 years since I started law school that I heard as justification for a particular law "that's just the law, don't know why" or variation on that theme. Happens at all levels of government on a wide variety of subjects. The problem, however, is that all too frequently the LAW was made on the basis of a faulty interpretation of some higher law (i.e., a regulation is prepared by the agency tasked with the responsibility of enforcing a particular law; the regulation becomes LAW; but, because the bureaucrat/lawyer who drafted the regulation either did not understand the original law, or drafted the regulation poorly, it does not accurately reflect the original requirements of the law). Before long, no one remembers how the regulation got to be the LAW, but it IS; and the people responsible for enforcing do not have the imagination, desire or inclination to question WHY they are doing what they are doing or even whether it is USEFUL, DESIREABLE, CORRECT OR EVEN LAWFUL!!

Just one more example (albeit a rather peripheral one) why I believe that THE GREATEST THREAT TO PERSONAL FREEDOM IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY IS LOCAL GOVERMENT. Second greatest threat, State Government. Third, Federal Government (the feds come in third only because they have more people watching what they are doing). Just a personal opinion here. And not to be misunderstood. This is still the greatest country in the world and I wouldn't live anywhere else. But, as Thomas Jefferson once said, "The price of freedom is eternal vigilance." And we have to exercise that vigilance against any potential enemy of freedom, even (especially!) if it is our own government.

BTW, I agree completely with your intepretation of secton 12.060 insofar as it establishes that chips/tokens are "solely representatives of avlue which evidence a debt owed". Means face value and I don't see how it could mean anything else. Under that reg, I believe it would be unlawful for a Nevada casino to sell a chip/token for more than face value. ----- jim o\-S